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Background:
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The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.
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Location:
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Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 44 N, 7 24 E
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Map references:
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Area:
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total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
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Land boundaries:
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total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
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Coastline:
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4.1 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
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Climate:
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Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
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Terrain:
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hilly, rugged, rocky
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
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Natural resources:
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none
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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NA
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Natural hazards:
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NA
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Environment - current issues:
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NA
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Geography - note:
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second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban
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Population:
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32,671 (July 2007 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 15% (male 2,514/female 2,394)
15-64 years: 62.3% (male 10,047/female 10,312)
65 years and over: 22.7% (male 3,019/female 4,385) (2007 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 45.5 years
male: 43.4 years
female: 47.4 years (2007 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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0.386% (2007 est.)
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Birth rate:
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9.12 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Death rate:
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12.92 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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7.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.974 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female
total population: 0.912 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 5.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 79.82 years
male: 75.99 years
female: 83.85 years (2007 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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1.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA
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Nationality:
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noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
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Ethnic groups:
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French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
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Languages:
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French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
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This page was last updated on 24 January, 2008
- The Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook - |
