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Greenland Physical Map

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Physical Map: Defined
In addition to country borders, major cities and significant bodies of water, Physical Maps indicate the location of landforms like deserts, mountains and plains. This type of map also displays major cities and regions. Physical Maps are commonly used to see elevation and land contours as well as major rivers and lakes.
Greenland
(part of the Kingdom of Denmark)

page last updated on September 26, 2011


Introduction :: Greenland
Background:
 
Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 81% ice capped. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland was made an integral part of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland was granted self-government in 1979 by the Danish parliament; the law went into effect the following year. Greenland voted in favor of increased self-rule in November 2008 and acquired greater responsibility for internal affairs in June 2009. Denmark, however, continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs, security, and financial policy in consultation with Greenland's Home Rule Government.
Geography :: Greenland
Location:
 
Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
 
Geographic coordinates:
 
72 00 N, 40 00 W
 
Map references:
 
North America
 
Area:
 
total: 2,166,086 sq km
country comparison to the world: 12
land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered)
 
Area - comparative:
 
slightly more than three times the size of Texas
 
Land boundaries:
 
0 km
 
Coastline:
 
44,087 km
 
Maritime claims:
 
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line
 
Climate:
 
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
 
Terrain:
 
flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
 
Elevation extremes:
 
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,700 m
 
Natural resources:
 
coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
 
Land use:
 
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (2005)
 
Irrigated land:
 
NA
 
Natural hazards:
 
continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island
 
Environment - current issues:
 
protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting
 
Geography - note:
 
dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast; close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap
People :: Greenland
Population:
 
57,670 (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 205
 
Age structure:
 
0-14 years: 22.3% (male 6,514/female 6,330)
15-64 years: 70.2% (male 21,599/female 18,861)
65 years and over: 7.6% (male 2,269/female 2,097) (2011 est.)
 
Median age:
 
total: 33.6 years
male: 35 years
female: 32.1 years (2011 est.)
 
Population growth rate:
 
0.05% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
 
Birth rate:
 
14.6 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
 
Death rate:
 
8.12 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
 
Net migration rate:
 
-5.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
 
Urbanization:
 
urban population: 84% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
 
Major cities - population:
 
NUUK (capital) 15,000 (2009)
 
Sex ratio:
 
at birth: 1.051 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.15 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.05 male(s)/female
total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
 
Infant mortality rate:
 
total: 10.05 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 148
male: 11.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
 
Life expectancy at birth:
 
total population: 70.96 years
country comparison to the world: 141
male: 68.33 years
female: 73.74 years (2011 est.)
 
Total fertility rate:
 
2.13 children born/woman (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
 
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
 
NA
 
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
 
100 (1999)
country comparison to the world: 162
 
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
 
NA
 
Nationality:
 
noun: Greenlander(s)
adjective: Greenlandic
 
Ethnic groups:
 
Inuit 89%, Danish and other 11% (2009)
 
Religions:
 
Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs
 
Languages:
 
Greenlandic (East Inuit) (official), Danish (official), English
 
Literacy:
 
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100% (2001 est.)
 
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
 
NA
 
Education expenditures:
 
NA

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