| Introduction :: Argentina |
Background:
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| In 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, but most particularly Italy and Spain, which provided the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political conflict between Federalists and Unitarians and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, an era of Peronist populism and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland (Malvinas) Islands by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the resignation of several interim presidents. |
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Location:
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| Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
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Geographic coordinates:
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34 00 S, 64 00 W
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Area:
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total: 2,780,400 sq km
country comparison to the world: 15
land:
2,736,690 sq km
water:
43,710 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US
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Land boundaries:
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total: 9,861 km
border countries:
Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,261 km, Chile 5,308 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 580 km
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Coastline:
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4,989 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone:
24 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
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Climate:
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mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
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Terrain:
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rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Laguna del Carbon -105 m (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)
highest point:
Cerro Aconcagua 6,960 m (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza)
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Natural resources:
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fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
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Land use:
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arable land: 10.03%
permanent crops:
0.36%
other:
89.61% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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15,500 sq km (2003)
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Total renewable water resources:
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814 cu km (2000)
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Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 29.19 cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%)
per capita:
753 cu m/yr (2000)
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Natural hazards:
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San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding
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Environment - current issues:
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environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution
note:
Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation
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Geography - note:
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second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere |
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Population:
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| 40,913,584 (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 25.6% (male 5,369,477/female 5,122,260)
15-64 years:
63.5% (male 12,961,725/female 13,029,265)
65 years and over:
10.8% (male 1,819,057/female 2,611,800) (2009 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 30 years
male:
29 years
female:
31 years (2009 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.053% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
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Birth rate:
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17.94 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
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Death rate:
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7.41 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
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Urbanization:
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urban population: 92% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
1.2% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female
total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 11.44 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 149
male:
12.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
10.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 76.56 years
country comparison to the world: 66
male:
73.32 years
female:
79.97 years (2009 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.35 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.5% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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120,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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7,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
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Major infectious diseases:
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degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2009)
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Nationality:
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noun: Argentine(s)
adjective:
Argentine
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Ethnic groups:
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white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%
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Religions:
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nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%
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Languages:
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Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
97.2%
male:
97.2%
female:
97.2% (2001 census)
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School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
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total: 15 years
male:
14 years
female:
16 years (2005)
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Education expenditures:
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3.8% of GDP (2004)
country comparison to the world: 113
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