| Introduction :: Philippines |
Background:
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| The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. The 20-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a "people power" movement in Manila ("EDSA 1") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts, which prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992 and his administration was marked by greater stability and progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998, but was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another "people power" movement ("EDSA 2") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. The Philippine Government faces threats from three terrorist groups on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list, but in 2006 and 2007 scored some major successes in capturing or killing key wanted terrorists. Decades of Muslim insurgency in the southern Philippines have led to a peace accord with one group and on-again/off-again peace talks with another. |
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Location:
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| Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
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Geographic coordinates:
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13 00 N, 122 00 E
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Map references:
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Area:
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total: 300,000 sq km
country comparison to the world: 79
land:
298,170 sq km
water:
1,830 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly larger than Arizona
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Land boundaries:
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0 km
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Coastline:
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36,289 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
continental shelf:
to depth of exploitation
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Climate:
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tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)
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Terrain:
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mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point:
Mount Apo 2,954 m
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Natural resources:
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timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
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Land use:
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arable land: 19%
permanent crops:
16.67%
other:
64.33% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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15,500 sq km (2003)
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Total renewable water resources:
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479 cu km (1999)
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Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
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total: 28.52 cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%)
per capita:
343 cu m/yr (2000)
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Natural hazards:
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astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis
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Environment - current issues:
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uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Geography - note:
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the Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait |
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Population:
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| 97,976,603 (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 35.2% (male 17,606,352/female 16,911,376)
15-64 years:
60.6% (male 29,679,327/female 29,737,919)
65 years and over:
4.1% (male 1,744,248/female 2,297,381) (2009 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 22.5 years
male:
22 years
female:
23 years (2009 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.957% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
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Birth rate:
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26.01 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
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Death rate:
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5.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
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Net migration rate:
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-1.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
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Urbanization:
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urban population: 65% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization:
3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female
total population:
1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 20.56 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 104
male:
23.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
17.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 71.09 years
country comparison to the world: 133
male:
68.17 years
female:
74.15 years (2009 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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3.27 children born/woman (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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8,300 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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fewer than 200 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
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Major infectious diseases:
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degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2009)
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Nationality:
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noun: Filipino(s)
adjective:
Philippine
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Ethnic groups:
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Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)
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Languages:
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Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
92.6%
male:
92.5%
female:
92.7% (2000 census)
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School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
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total: 12 years
male:
11 years
female:
12 years (2006)
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Education expenditures:
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2.5% of GDP (2005)
country comparison to the world: 158
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