Pakistan Political Map

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Political Map: Defined
Political Maps are designed to show governmental boundaries of countries, states, and counties. This type of map is generally vivid in color to help identify boundaries more easily. When viewing a Physical Map, the locations of major cities as well as many minor cities are found. Also included on Physical Maps are significant bodies of water such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers.
Pakistan

page last updated on September 26, 2011


Introduction :: Pakistan
Background:
 
The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. India-Pakistan relations have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, but both countries are taking small steps to put relations back on track. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary elections and in September 2008, after the resignation of former President MUSHARRAF, elected Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani government and military leaders are struggling to control domestic insurgents, many of whom are located in the tribal areas adjacent to the border with Afghanistan.
Geography :: Pakistan
Location:
 
Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
 
Geographic coordinates:
 
30 00 N, 70 00 E
 
Map references:
 
Asia
 
Area:
 
total: 796,095 sq km
country comparison to the world: 36
land: 770,875 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km
 
Area - comparative:
 
slightly less than twice the size of California
 
Land boundaries:
 
total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
 
Coastline:
 
1,046 km
 
Maritime claims:
 
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
 
Climate:
 
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
 
Terrain:
 
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
 
Elevation extremes:
 
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
 
Natural resources:
 
land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
 
Land use:
 
arable land: 24.44%
permanent crops: 0.84%
other: 74.72% (2005)
 
Irrigated land:
 
198,700 sq km (2008)
 
Total renewable water resources:
 
233.8 cu km (2003)
 
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
 
total: 169.39 cu km/yr (2%/2%/96%)
per capita: 1,072 cu m/yr (2000)
 
Natural hazards:
 
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
 
Environment - current issues:
 
water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
 
Environment - international agreements:
 
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
 
Geography - note:
 
controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People :: Pakistan
Population:
 
187,342,721 (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
 
Age structure:
 
0-14 years: 35.4% (male 34,093,853/female 32,278,462)
15-64 years: 60.4% (male 58,401,016/female 54,671,873)
65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,739,647/female 4,157,870) (2011 est.)
 
Median age:
 
total: 21.6 years
male: 21.5 years
female: 21.6 years (2011 est.)
 
Population growth rate:
 
1.573% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
 
Birth rate:
 
24.81 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
 
Death rate:
 
6.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
 
Net migration rate:
 
-2.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 167
 
Urbanization:
 
urban population: 36% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
 
Major cities - population:
 
Karachi 13.125 million; Lahore 7.132 million; Faisalabad 2.849 million; Rawalpindi 2.026 million; ISLAMABAD (capital) 832,000 (2009)
 
Sex ratio:
 
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
 
Infant mortality rate:
 
total: 63.26 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 26
male: 66.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
 
Life expectancy at birth:
 
total population: 65.99 years
country comparison to the world: 165
male: 64.18 years
female: 67.9 years (2011 est.)
 
Total fertility rate:
 
3.17 children born/woman (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
 
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
 
0.1% (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
 
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
 
98,000 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
 
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
 
5,800 (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
 
Major infectious diseases:
 
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
 
Drinking water source:
 
improved:
urban: 95% of population
rural: 87% of population
total: 90% of population
unimproved:
urban: 5% of population
rural: 13% of population
total: 10% of population (2008)
 
Sanitation facility access:
 
improved:
urban: 72% of population
rural: 29% of population
total: 45% of population
unimproved:
urban: 28% of population
rural: 71% of population
total: 55% of population (2008)
 
Nationality:
 
noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
 
Ethnic groups:
 
Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%
 
Religions:
 
Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 5%
 
Languages:
 
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
 
Literacy:
 
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 49.9%
male: 63%
female: 36% (2005 est.)
 
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
 
total: 7 years
male: 8 years
female: 6 years (2009)
 
Education expenditures:
 
2.7% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 142

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