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Rights of Nature: Mapping a Growing Movement

by Joshua Stevens
Submitted Map
May 12, 2025
People & Patterns
Legal rights and status are often concepts associated with people. But there is a growing movement to recognize rights and grant legal status to nature, independent of human interests. Spurred by work in early 1970s, the idea of geographic areas having rights for their own sake has taken root. By the early 2000s several initiatives had been proposed and approved. And by 2024 governments across the world were recognizing nearly 500 initiatives in 40 countries. A Declaration of Rights of the Moon was drafted in 2021.
Can nature have rights? Proponents of a growing movement believe so.
The Rights of Nature is a globally recognized initiative. (Source: Alex Putzer, John Cook, and Ben Pollock)

Recent cartography by Alex Putzer, John Cook, and Ben Pollock puts the movement on the map. Several charts provide a timeline of proposed, accepted, rejected, and overturned proposals. Most implementations (30 percent) have been at the local level, while 15 percent are international. Just two percent of these initiatives are indigenous, and another two percent exist within the constitutions of countries. The United States leads the way with 72 initiates, followed by Brazil who recognizes 18 such projects. Most proposals cover “all of nature,” while a focus on marine and freshwater accounts for 21 percent of proposals. Another 10 percent goes to animals. Data for this map comes from the Eco Jurisprudence Monitor, and the visuals were developed by Climate Cartographics.

Granting rights to nature is an increasingly popular idea.
Projects to grant legal status to nature have grown rapidly over two decades. (Source: Alex Putzer, John Cook, and Ben Pollock)

A well-designed infographic presents the data in a clear and pleasing way, with supplemental information and explanations sprinkled throughout. More importantly though, it brings to the fore an idea that is both novel to most and gaining ground around the world. The authority of each initiative varies, and how governments navigate these policies is likely to give rise to ongoing discussions. But these discussions refocus how humans and landscapes have and should co-exist. Just as they have for millennia in the past and can do so for millennia in the future. 

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About This Map

Title
The Rights of Nature
Creator
Alex Putzer, John Cook, and Ben Pollock
Data Sources

Eco Jurisprudence Monitor

Submitted Map

This map was contributed through the Maps.com submission program. If you’d like your map to be featured, submit it for consideration.

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Climate Change Conservation Submitted Map
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